Clear Money Guide
What this state guide covers
A quick view of the questions, practical details and source notes below.
Updated July 28, 2026. Quick answer: Partly, and it depends on your age and how much of the cap your other retirement income already uses. Colorado offers a retirement-income exclusion that is limited — by age, by a dollar cap, or both — so a conversion can be sheltered up to a point and taxed above it.
The same question for annuity payments: does Colorado tax annuity income.
The same question for military retired pay: does Colorado tax military retirement.
The same question for gains from selling investments: does Colorado tax capital gains.
The same question for ordinary 401(k) and IRA withdrawals: does Colorado tax 401(k) and IRA withdrawals.
Related guides on this topic: Does Vermont Tax Roth Conversions? 2026 and Converting in a Down Market (2026).
Related state retirement tax guides: Colorado to North Carolina Retirement Taxes.
Confidence note: the rule is well established; the answer for you depends on your age and your other retirement income in the conversion year.
Why a conversion is a different question from a withdrawal
Almost every state summary answers “how does Colorado tax retirement income?” That is a question about distributions. A Roth conversion is not a distribution in the ordinary sense — it is a voluntary election to recognise income now in exchange for tax-free growth later. Whether a state’s retirement exclusion reaches that election is a separate question, and it is the one that decides your bill.
This is the most consequential case for planning, because the answer is a number rather than a yes or no. A capped exclusion means a conversion is not simply taxed or not taxed — it is taxed above the line where your other retirement income has already consumed the cap.
Two practical consequences. Converting in a year with less other retirement income leaves more of the cap available. And if the exclusion is age-gated, converting before you reach the gate can be markedly more expensive than converting after it — which is a timing decision, not a tax rate.
What Colorado does with the converted amount
State income tax: flat 4.4%
How Colorado treats IRA and plan income: Pension/annuity subtraction (includes pensions, 401(k), IRA distributions, and taxable SS within cap): up to $20,000 (age 55-64) or $24,000 (65+) per taxpayer. Amounts above caps taxed at 4.4%. SB25-136 (removing caps) was postponed, not enacted.
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Source: WiserAdvisor’s service descriptionWhat to ask a preparer about Colorado
How much of my exclusion will other retirement income already consume in the year I convert, and does my age at conversion change it?
Converting around a move
Converting in the year you move into Colorado is the case that catches people. Residency at the moment of conversion is what generally determines which state gets to tax it, so a conversion executed a week before a move and one executed a week after can produce different bills.
Four separate taxes change when you move, not one: income tax on withdrawals, treatment of Social Security, estate tax, and inheritance tax. A state that looks good on conversions can be worse on the other three.
The state bill is the smaller half
Whatever Colorado does, the conversion is federal ordinary income first. The federal bracket you land in, and whether the conversion pushes you over an IRMAA threshold two years later, will usually move more money than the state line does. The state answer tells you whether to convert here; the federal answer tells you how much to convert at once.
Paying the tax from outside the account matters more than either. Using converted dollars to pay the bill shrinks the balance that was the entire point of converting.
Figures verified against the Colorado Department of Revenue Income Tax Topics publication (rev. January 2025), its published income tax rate table and the Colorado General Assembly page for SB25-136 on September 30, 2026; the tax-year 2026 rate and the C.R.S. text of the cited statute were not re-checked.
Sources
Authority: C.R.S. § 39-22-104(4)(f), (g), (y); CDOR Income Tax Topics: Social Security, Pensions, and Annuities.
Compiled from state statutes, session laws and revenue-department publications and adversarially verified in July 2026. Dataset confidence for Colorado: high.
This page states what the cited authority says. It is not tax advice, and a conversion large enough to matter is worth putting in front of a preparer who can see your whole return.